Value Chain Definition on the Telecom in Brazil.

The telecommunications industry in Brazil is characterized by a dynamic and evolving value chain, reflecting the convergence of telecommunications, IT, and media sectors. This chain encompasses all the activities required to provide telecommunications services, from the manufacturing of equipment to the delivery of content and applications to end-users. The structure of this value chain has been significantly influenced by privatization, technological advancements, and regulatory frameworks, leading to a complex ecosystem with diverse players.

Value Chain outline

The value chain of the Brazilian telecom industry can be segmented into several interconnected layers, moving from the foundational elements to the services consumed by the final customers. A widely referenced model suggests a layered approach, highlighting the different stages involved in delivering telecommunications services.

• Equipment & Software Layer: This layer is the base of the value chain, involving the companies that design, manufacture, and supply the physical equipment and software necessary for the entire network infrastructure and end-user devices.
  • Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
    • Network Equipment Manufacturing: This segment focuses on the production of the hardware that forms the backbone of telecommunications networks. This includes a wide range of equipment such as switches, routers, base stations (ERBs), antennas, transmission systems (like fiber optic cables and related electronics), and core network infrastructure. The development and manufacturing of equipment for new technologies like 5G and the expansion of fiber optic networks are key activities.
    • Component Manufacturing: This segment deals with the production of essential electronic components, including semiconductor chips, processors, and other specialized parts that are integrated into network equipment and consumer devices like smartphones and modems.
    • Software Development: This segment involves creating the various software platforms and applications that manage networks, enable service delivery, handle billing and customer relationship management, and provide value-added features. This ranges from low-level network operating systems to complex BSS (Business Support Systems) and OSS (Operations Support Systems) and applications for end-users.
  • List of types of players in each segment
    • Global telecommunications equipment manufacturers.
    • Semiconductor and electronic component manufacturers.
    • Specialized software development companies for the telecom sector.
    • Manufacturers of Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) like modems and routers.
  • Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
    • Research, design, and development of new telecommunications technologies and equipment.
    • Manufacturing, assembly, and testing of hardware components and finished equipment.
    • Development, coding, and testing of complex software systems for network operation and service management.
    • Supply chain management and logistics to deliver equipment and software to operators and service providers.
    • Installation, integration, and maintenance support for deployed equipment and software.
  • List examples of key players with detailed profiles.
    • Nokia: A multinational telecommunications company providing a broad range of network equipment, software, and services, including mobile, fixed, and cloud network infrastructure solutions.
    • Ericsson: A leading provider of telecommunications equipment and services, particularly strong in radio access networks (RAN) and mobile network infrastructure.
    • Huawei: A global provider of ICT infrastructure and smart devices, offering a wide array of telecom equipment, although its presence in some markets has faced scrutiny.
    • Cisco: Known for its networking hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment, crucial for routing and switching data traffic.
    • Qualcomm: A major designer and manufacturer of wireless telecommunications products, especially known for its mobile processors and modem chipsets used in smartphones and other devices.
    • Intel: A global technology company primarily known for its processors used in computers and servers, but also involved in components for network infrastructure.
• Network Layer: This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data and voice signals through various network infrastructures.
  • Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
    • Fixed Network Infrastructure: This segment involves the deployment, operation, and maintenance of physical network assets that provide connectivity to fixed locations. This includes extensive fiber optic networks (FTTH/FTTB), traditional copper lines (DSL, though declining), and coaxial cable networks (used for cable internet and TV). The expansion of fiber optics is a major focus in Brazil.
    • Mobile Network Infrastructure: This segment focuses on the infrastructure supporting wireless communication. This includes cellular towers, base transceiver stations (BTS), NodeBs, eNodeBs, and gNBs (for 5G), which form the radio access network (RAN), and the core network that manages mobile traffic and connections. Deployment of 4G and 5G coverage is a key activity.
    • Satellite Communication Infrastructure: This segment involves the operation of satellite systems and associated ground infrastructure (земные станции) to provide connectivity, particularly in remote or difficult-to-reach areas where terrestrial networks are not economically viable.
  • List of types of players in each segment
    • Major integrated telecommunications operators (owning both fixed and mobile infrastructure).
    • Wholesale infrastructure providers (specialized in building and leasing network capacity).
    • Tower companies (owning and managing cellular towers).
    • Satellite operators.
    • Regional network builders.
  • Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
    • Network planning, engineering, and design.
    • Construction and deployment of physical network infrastructure (laying fiber, installing towers, etc.).
    • Operation, monitoring, and maintenance of network assets to ensure reliability and performance.
    • Capacity management and network optimization.
    • Providing wholesale access to network infrastructure for other service providers.
  • List examples of key players with detailed profiles.
    • Vivo, Claro, TIM: These major operators own and manage significant portions of their own fixed and mobile network infrastructure across the country.
    • V.tal: A prominent example of a neutral and open fiber optic network operator in Brazil, providing wholesale infrastructure services to multiple retail operators.
    • Starlink: A satellite constellation operator providing satellite internet services in Brazil.
• Connectivity Layer: This layer is where the actual telecommunications services are delivered to end-users, providing the connection to the network.
  • Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
    • Mobile Connectivity: Provision of voice calls, SMS, and mobile data services (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) to mobile devices. This is divided into postpaid and prepaid segments based on billing models. The Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT) segment, which uses mobile networks for device communication, is a rapidly growing part of this.
    • Fixed Broadband Connectivity: Provision of high-speed internet access to homes and businesses. The dominant technology is increasingly fiber optic (FTTH/FTTB), but services are also delivered over coaxial cable, DSL, radio, and satellite. This segment includes various speed tiers and service packages.
    • Fixed Telephony: Provision of traditional voice communication services over landlines. This segment has been declining in importance due to the prevalence of mobile communication.
  • List of types of players in each segment
    • Major national mobile and fixed-line operators.
    • Regional Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
    • Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs).
    • Satellite internet service providers.
  • Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
    • Acquiring customers and managing subscriber accounts.
    • Providing customer support and technical assistance.
    • Billing and revenue management.
    • Developing and marketing service plans and bundles.
    • Managing network access and traffic for connected users and devices.
    • Offering value-added services like voicemail, caller ID, and data roaming.
  • List examples of key players with detailed profiles.
    • Vivo (Telefônica Brasil): A major provider of mobile and fixed broadband services, leading in overall mobile market share and a strong player in fiber broadband.
    • Claro (América Móvil): A key competitor across mobile and fixed services, with a significant mobile market share and leadership in overall fixed broadband accesses.
    • TIM: A significant mobile operator also expanding its fixed broadband presence, particularly with fiber.
    • Oi: Continues to operate in fixed broadband and fixed telephony, though with a decreasing subscriber base.
    • Brisanet: A large regional ISP with a strong fiber network and a growing mobile MVNO operation.
    • Unifique: Another significant regional ISP also entering the mobile market.
    • Numerous other regional and local ISPs across Brazil, holding a substantial collective market share in fixed broadband.
    • Surf, Datora, NLT, Telecall: Examples of MVNOs operating in the mobile segment, often targeting specific niches like M2M/IoT or specific customer segments.
• Navigation & Middleware Layer: This layer includes services that facilitate user interaction with the internet and online services, acting as intermediaries between connectivity and applications.
  • Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
    • Search Engines and Portals: Platforms that allow users to search for information online and often provide access to a range of other services like news, email, and maps.
    • Browsers: Software applications installed on devices that enable users to access and navigate the World Wide Web.
    • Security Services: Providers of software and services that protect users and networks from cyber threats, including antivirus, firewalls, and identity management.
    • Electronic Payment Systems: Platforms and services that enable secure online financial transactions.
    • Operating Systems: Software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs, essential for accessing telecom services and applications.
  • List of types of players in each segment
    • Major global technology companies.
    • Cybersecurity firms.
    • Financial technology companies (FinTechs).
  • Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
    • Developing and maintaining complex algorithms for information retrieval (search engines).
    • Designing, developing, and updating web browser software.
    • Creating and implementing security protocols and software solutions.
    • Building and operating secure platforms for online payments and financial transactions.
    • Developing and maintaining operating systems for various devices.
  • List examples of key players with detailed profiles.
    • While specific Brazilian examples for all these global segments are not highlighted, global players like Google (Search, Android OS, Chrome Browser), Microsoft (Windows OS, Edge Browser), and Apple (iOS, Safari Browser) are dominant. Various Brazilian FinTechs and cybersecurity companies operate in their respective niches.
• Application Layer: This layer represents the vast ecosystem of applications and digital content that users access and consume over the network infrastructure.
  • Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
    • Content Providers: Companies and individuals that create, produce, and distribute various forms of digital content, including news articles, videos, music, games, and e-books.
    • Online Service Providers: Companies offering a wide array of services delivered over the internet, such as e-commerce platforms, social media networks, cloud computing services, online gaming platforms, and streaming media services (video and music).
    • Application Developers: The creators of mobile and web applications that run on various devices, providing specific functionalities and services to users.
    • Cloud Computing Providers: Companies offering Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), which are increasingly integral to the delivery of many online applications and services.
  • List of types of players in each segment
    • Media and entertainment companies.
    • E-commerce companies.
    • Social media companies.
    • Software development companies.
    • Cloud service providers (global and local).
    • Individual developers and content creators.
  • Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
    • Creating, curating, and publishing digital content.
    • Developing, deploying, and managing online platforms and services.
    • Designing, coding, and updating mobile and web applications.
    • Providing and managing cloud infrastructure and services.
    • Monetization of content and services through various models (advertising, subscriptions, e-commerce).
  • List examples of key players with detailed profiles.
    • This layer is extremely diverse and includes global giants like Google, Meta (Facebook, Instagram), Amazon (e-commerce, AWS cloud), Microsoft (Azure cloud), Netflix, Spotify, and a multitude of Brazilian companies across various digital sectors. The importance of cloud computing providers in enabling many of these applications is growing.
• Customers Layer: This final layer consists of the individuals, households, businesses, and public entities that are the end-users of the telecommunications services and the applications and content delivered over the networks.
  • Identification and description of segments for each step of the value chain.
    • Residential Customers: Individual consumers and households subscribing to mobile, fixed broadband, fixed telephony, and pay TV services for personal communication, information access, entertainment, and home connectivity.
    • Business Customers (B2B): Enterprises of all sizes, from small businesses to large corporations, utilizing telecommunications services for their operations. This includes basic connectivity, dedicated corporate networks, cloud connectivity, M2M/IoT solutions for various industries, and unified communication services.
    • Government and Public Sector: Federal, state, and municipal government bodies, as well as public institutions, using telecommunications for public administration, citizen services, internal communication, and smart city initiatives.
  • List of types of players in each segment
    • Individual citizens.
    • Micro, small, medium, and large enterprises across all economic sectors.
    • Federal, state, and municipal government entities.
    • Non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
  • Detailed description of the main activities within each segment.
    • Subscribing to and consuming telecommunications services.
    • Utilizing connectivity for communication, information access, work, education, and entertainment.
    • Implementing and using telecommunications solutions to support business processes and digital transformation.
    • Deploying and managing M2M/IoT devices for various applications (e.g., smart grids, asset tracking, industrial automation).
    • Accessing public services and information online.
  • List examples of key players with detailed profiles.
    • This layer represents the entire user base in Brazil. As of early 2025, a large majority of the population has access to mobile telephony, and a high percentage of households use fixed internet, demonstrating the vastness of this layer.

Show estimates of volumes and sizes of each step in the value chain.

Estimating the precise monetary value or volume for each distinct layer across the entire value chain in Brazil is complex due to overlapping activities and reporting structures. However, based on the provided data, we can present figures related to overall market size, investments, and the number of connections in the downstream layers (Connectivity and Customers).

• Overall Sector Revenue: The Brazilian telecom sector's gross revenue reached R$ 279.4 billion in 2023. In the first nine months of 2024, the gross revenue was R$ 217.3 billion, showing stability in real terms compared to the same period in 2023. The estimated net revenue for 2024 is R$ 181.7 billion. The sector's revenue grew by 6.6% in 2024.
• Overall Sector Investments (Capex): Investments by telecom companies in Brazil totaled R$ 35 billion in 2023. In the first nine months of 2024, investments were R$ 24.5 billion, a real decrease of 4.6% year-on-year. The expected investment for the full year 2024 is around R$ 35 billion, focused on 5G expansion to smaller cities and fiber networks. This investment primarily relates to the Equipment & Software and Network Layers.
• Connectivity Layer - Mobile:
  • Total mobile accesses at the end of 2024 were 263.4 million.
  • Human mobile lines (excluding M2M) reached 216 million at the end of 2024.
  • M2M/IoT connections were 47.3 million at the end of 2024.
  • 5G connections reached 39.9 million by December 2024.
• Connectivity Layer - Fixed Broadband:
  • Total fixed broadband accesses reached 53.3 million in October 2024. In February 2025, there were 51.6 million accesses.
  • Fiber optic accesses accounted for 41.3 million in October 2024 (77.4% of total fixed broadband).
• Connectivity Layer - Fixed Telephony:
  • Total fixed telephony accesses were 23.8 million in June 2024.
• Customers Layer:
  • Reflected in the access numbers above. The large number of mobile and fixed broadband connections indicates a vast customer base covering a large portion of the Brazilian population and businesses. Nine out of ten Brazilians have access to mobile phones. 86.9% of households used fixed internet in 2023.

Specific volume or size data for the Navigation & Middleware and Application layers directly attributable solely to the value generated within the Brazilian telecom value chain (as opposed to the broader digital economy) is not available in the provided sources. These layers involve players and activities that extend beyond traditional telecommunications services.

Value Chain Summary Table

Value Chain Step	Main Activities	Segments	Types of Players	Examples of Main Players	Volumes and Sizes (Estimates - Brazil)
Equipment & Software	Design, manufacturing, and supply of physical and digital network components.	Network Equipment Manufacturing, Component Manufacturing, Software Development.	Multinational corporations, Semiconductor manufacturers, Software companies.	Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, Cisco, Qualcomm, Intel.	Investments in the sector (includes equipment) were R$ 35 billion in 2023; R$ 24.5 billion (Jan-Sep 2024), with expected R$ 35 billion for the full year 2024. Specific segment size not detailed.
Network	Deployment and management of physical network infrastructure (fixed and mobile).	Fixed Network Infrastructure, Mobile Network Infrastructure, Satellite Communication Infrastructure.	Major operators, Infrastructure companies (neutral hosts), Tower companies, Satellite operators, Regional network builders.	Vivo, Claro, TIM (own infrastructure), V.tal (fiber neutral host), Starlink (satellite).	Covered within overall sector investments. Specific infrastructure volumes (e.g., fiber km, tower count) across all players are not comprehensively detailed in the sources. V.tal operates a significant fiber network.
Connectivity	Providing access to telecommunications networks and the internet.	Mobile Connectivity (Prepaid, Postpaid, M2M/IoT), Fixed Broadband (Fiber, Coaxial, DSL, Radio, Satellite), Fixed Telephony.	Major national operators, Regional ISPs, MVNOs, Satellite internet providers.	Vivo, Claro, TIM, Oi, Brisanet, Unifique, Vero, Desktop, Algar, Starlink, Surf (MVNO).	Total Mobile Accesses: 263.4 million (end 2024). 5G Accesses: 39.9 million (Dec 2024). IoT/M2M Accesses: 47.3 million (end 2024). Fixed Broadband Accesses: 53.3 million (Oct 2024). Fiber Optic Accesses: 41.3 million (Oct 2024). Fixed Telephony Accesses: 23.8 million (Jun 2024).
Navigation & Middleware	Services and platforms facilitating online navigation and access.	Search Engines and Portals, Browsers, Security Services, Electronic Payment Systems, Operating Systems.	Major global technology companies, Cybersecurity firms, FinTechs.	Google, Microsoft, Apple, various local payment and security providers.	Specific volumes and sizes for these segments within the Brazilian telecom value chain are not detailed. Primarily driven by global tech companies.
Application	Provision of digital content and online services accessed via networks.	Content Providers, Online Service Providers, Application Developers, OTT service providers, Cloud Service Providers.	Media and entertainment companies, E-commerce companies, Social media companies, Software development companies, Cloud service providers, OTTs.	Netflix, Google, Meta, Amazon, Spotify, various Brazilian digital companies.	Specific volumes and sizes for these segments within the Brazilian telecom value chain are not detailed. This layer is diverse and spans multiple industries.
Customers	Consumption of telecommunications services and access to applications and content.	Residential Customers, Business Customers (B2B, M2M/IoT), Government and Public Sector.	Individual citizens, Enterprises (SMEs, Large), Government entities, NGOs.	The entire population of Brazil, all registered businesses, and governmental bodies utilizing telecom services.	Reflects the access numbers in the Connectivity Layer. High mobile penetration (9 in 10 Brazilians with access) and significant fixed internet usage in households (86.9% in 2023).

Examples of Main Players

Vivo (Telefônica Brasil): A dominant force in the Brazilian telecommunications market. Vivo provides a comprehensive range of services, including mobile, fixed broadband (with a strong focus on fiber optic expansion), fixed telephony, and pay TV. The company consistently holds the largest share of the mobile market and is a key player in the competitive fixed broadband landscape. Vivo has been making substantial investments in upgrading its network infrastructure, particularly for 5G and fiber to the home (FTTH).

Claro (América Móvil): A major competitor across all main telecom segments in Brazil. Claro offers extensive mobile coverage and is a leading provider of fixed broadband services, utilizing both coaxial cable and a growing fiber optic network. The company holds a significant market share in both mobile and fixed broadband. Claro is also actively involved in the deployment of 5G technology across the country.

TIM: A prominent mobile operator in Brazil, TIM has also been strategically expanding its fixed broadband footprint, primarily with fiber optics. While the third-largest mobile operator by market share, TIM faces strong competition from Vivo and Claro. The company is a key participant in the 5G rollout and is working to increase its presence in the postpaid mobile segment.

Oi: A historical incumbent operator undergoing a significant transformation and restructuring. Oi has been divesting assets, including its mobile operations, to reduce debt and focus on its fiber optic infrastructure and enterprise services. While its market share in traditional fixed services has decreased, its fiber network assets (largely transferred to V.tal) remain a crucial part of the national infrastructure.

Brisanet: A leading example of the success of regional internet service providers in Brazil. Operating primarily in the Northeast, Brisanet has built a substantial fiber optic network and captured a significant share of the fixed broadband market in its service areas. Brisanet has also diversified its offerings by launching mobile services as an MVNO.

V.tal: Positioned as a wholesale-only fiber network operator, V.tal is a crucial infrastructure player in the Brazilian market. Formed from the fiber assets of Oi, V.tal provides neutral and open access to its extensive fiber network to various telecommunications operators and internet service providers, facilitating the expansion of fiber broadband across the country, particularly benefiting smaller and regional players.

Volumes and Sizes

The Brazilian telecom market is characterized by large volumes of connections and significant financial activity.

• Market Revenue: In 2023, the gross revenue for the sector was R$ 279.4 billion. For the first nine months of 2024, it reached R$ 217.3 billion. The estimated net revenue for 2024 is R$ 181.7 billion.
• Investments: Total investments in the sector were R$ 35 billion in 2023. Between January and September 2024, R$ 24.5 billion was invested, with the full year expected to reach R$ 35 billion.
• Mobile Connections: Brazil ended 2024 with 263.4 million mobile accesses. This includes 216 million human lines and 47.3 million M2M/IoT connections. By December 2024, 5G connections reached 39.9 million.
• Mobile Market Share (Q2 2024): Vivo leads with 38.8%, followed by Claro with 34%, and TIM with 23.8%. Regional operators and MVNOs hold the remaining share.
• Fixed Broadband Connections: In October 2024, there were 53.3 million fixed broadband connections. Fiber optic technology accounts for the majority, with 41.3 million accesses in October 2024.
• Fixed Broadband Market Share (Feb 2025): Claro has the largest share at 20.0%, followed by Vivo at 14.4%, and Oi at 8.3%. Regional providers collectively hold a significant 36.2% of the market and dominate in terms of fiber optic subscribers (66.8%).
• Fixed Telephony Connections: As of June 2024, there were 23.8 million fixed telephony accesses, a segment that continues to decline.

These figures highlight the scale of the Brazilian telecom market, particularly in terms of connectivity services and the substantial ongoing investments in infrastructure development, driven largely by the expansion of fiber optics and 5G technology.

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