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Value Chain Definition on the Steel in Argentina.

The steel industry value chain in Argentina is a fundamental industrial process that transforms raw materials into various steel products used across a wide range of downstream sectors, including construction, automotive, metalworking, energy, and machinery. This chain is characterized by being capital-intensive and technologically mature, with a high degree of concentration among a few major players who dominate the different stages of production. The value chain encompasses the procurement and processing of raw materials, primary steel production, secondary processing like rolling and finishing, and finally, the distribution and sale of finished products to various end-user industries.

Value Chain outline

The steel industry value chain in Argentina can be broken down into the following comprehensive steps:

Raw Materials Procurement and Preparation

This initial step involves obtaining the necessary raw materials for steel production. * Identification and description of segments: * Iron Ore Sourcing: Acquisition of iron ore, a primary ingredient in steelmaking. In Argentina, a key input is imported, mainly from Brazil, arriving via the Paraná River waterway. * Coking Coal/Energy Sourcing: Procurement of coking coal or other energy sources (like natural gas or biomass) required for the reduction of iron ore and heating processes. * Scrap Metal Collection and Processing: Gathering and preparing scrap steel, which is increasingly used in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) for steel production, contributing to sustainability efforts. There is a gap between the generation and consumption of ferrous scrap in Argentina, estimated at around 720,000 tons based on projected growth in steel production by 2025. * Other Additives Sourcing: Obtaining other necessary materials like limestone and alloys. * List of types of players: Mining companies (for iron ore and coal, often international), energy providers, scrap metal collectors and processors, trading companies. * Detailed description of the main activities within each segment: * Iron Ore Sourcing: Exploration, mining, transportation (maritime, fluvial, rail, road), and trading of iron ore. * Coking Coal/Energy Sourcing: Mining, extraction, processing, and transportation of coal; generation and supply of electricity and natural gas. Some projects are exploring biomass for energy in arrabio production. * Scrap Metal Collection and Processing: Collection from various sources (industrial, post-consumer), sorting, cleaning, shredding, and baling of scrap steel to meet quality specifications for steelmaking. * Other Additives Sourcing: Mining, processing, and transportation of limestone; production and supply of various ferroalloys. * List examples of key players with detailed profiles: * Given the reliance on imports for iron ore and the nature of energy provision, specific players solely focused on sourcing within the Argentine steel value chain at this initial stage are less prominent than the integrated steel producers themselves who manage their raw material inputs. However, global mining companies and local energy providers play a crucial role. Modulax Siderurgia is involved in a project focused on green arrabio production utilizing biomass in Formosa.

Primary Production (Ironmaking and Steelmaking)

This is the core of steel production, converting raw materials into crude steel. * Identification and description of segments: * Ironmaking (Arrabio Production): The process of reducing iron ore (or iron-bearing materials like direct reduced iron - DRI) in a blast furnace or other reduction methods (like DRI plants) to produce hot metal or arrabio. A project in Formosa by Modulax Siderurgia aims to produce green arrabio using charcoal. * Steelmaking (Crude Steel Production): Refining arrabio or melting scrap metal in different types of furnaces (basic oxygen furnaces or electric arc furnaces) to produce crude steel, removing impurities and adjusting the chemical composition. * List of types of players: Integrated steel mills (performing both ironmaking and steelmaking), semi-integrated steel plants (starting from scrap or DRI), specialized iron producers. * Detailed description of the main activities within each segment: * Ironmaking: Charging raw materials into furnaces, controlling temperature and chemical reactions, tapping molten iron and slag. * Steelmaking: Charging hot metal or scrap, blowing oxygen (BOF) or using electric arcs (EAF) to refine the metal, adding alloys, and tapping molten steel. This is followed by continuous casting to produce semi-finished products like billets, blooms, or slabs. * List examples of key players with detailed profiles: * Ternium Argentina: Part of the Techint Group. A major steel producer in Argentina, with activities spanning primary production and downstream processing. It is described as the largest steel manufacturer in Argentina. The company elaborates and processes a wide range of high value-added products. * ArcelorMittal Acindar: Part of the global ArcelorMittal group. A significant player in the Argentine steel industry, particularly strong in long steel products. * Tenaris Siderca: Also part of the Techint Group. Specializes in the production of seamless steel tubes, primarily for the oil and gas industry, and is a global leader in this segment, with Argentina accounting for a significant portion of world production. * Gerdau Argentina: Part of the Brazilian Gerdau group. Involved in steel production, often with a focus on long steel products. * Acerbrag S.A.: Another important producer located in Buenos Aires province. * Aceros Zapla S.A.: Located in Jujuy, focused on special steels.

Secondary Processing (Laminación)

This step involves shaping the crude steel into various finished and semi-finished products through rolling and other processes. * Identification and description of segments: * Hot Rolling: Heating semi-finished steel (slabs, blooms, billets) and rolling it at high temperatures into various shapes like plates, sheets, strips, bars, rods, and structural shapes (beams, channels). * Cold Rolling: Further processing of hot-rolled products at room temperature to achieve tighter tolerances, better surface finish, and increased strength. This is typically applied to flat products (sheets, coils). * Further Processing/Finishing: Additional processes like pickling, annealing, coating ( galvanizing, painting), cutting, slitting, and tube making (seamless or welded). * List of types of players: Integrated steel mills (performing rolling in-house), dedicated rolling mills, service centers offering processing services. * Detailed description of the main activities within each segment: * Hot Rolling: Reheating furnaces, rolling stands, cooling beds, cutting and coiling lines. * Cold Rolling: Pickling lines, cold reduction mills, annealing furnaces, temper mills, finishing lines. * Further Processing/Finishing: Chemical treatments, coating lines, various cutting and shaping operations, welding and inspection for tubes. * List examples of key players with detailed profiles: * Ternium Argentina: Produces hot and cold rolled flat products, as well as long products. * ArcelorMittal Acindar: Specializes in long steel products like bars and wire rod. * Tenaris Siderca: Focuses on seamless steel tubes. * Gerdau Argentina: Produces long steel products. * Acerbrag S.A.: Produces long steel products like wire and bars. * Aceros Zapla S.A.: Produces bars and discs.

Distribution and Commercialization

This stage involves getting the finished steel products to the final customers. * Identification and description of segments: * Wholesale Distribution: Selling steel products in large quantities to smaller distributors, service centers, or large end-users. * Retail Distribution: Selling steel products in smaller quantities to contractors, fabricators, and individual customers. * Direct Sales: Steel producers selling directly to major industrial clients (e.g., automotive, energy, large construction projects). * Export: Selling steel products to international markets. Seamless tubes are a significant export product for Argentina. * List of types of players: Steel producers (for direct sales and managing distribution networks), large wholesale distributors, smaller retail distributors (ferreterías, construction material suppliers), service centers, export companies. * Detailed description of the main activities within each segment: * Wholesale Distribution: Warehousing, inventory management, logistics and transportation of large volumes of steel. * Retail Distribution: Stocking a variety of steel products in smaller quantities, cutting and processing services, sales and customer service. * Direct Sales: Sales contracts, logistics, technical support for large industrial clients. * Export: International sales, shipping logistics, customs procedures, compliance with international trade regulations. * List examples of key players with detailed profiles: * Acindar Red de Distribuidores: A network of distributors managed by ArcelorMittal Acindar, with over 50 points of sale across the country, focusing heavily on the construction sector. * Siderco SA: A distribution network associated with Gerdau, present in several provinces. * Juan Navarro: Described as a leading Argentine company in the distribution of steel products with 70 years of experience, serving the Agro, Construction, and Industry sectors. They have multiple branches and significant warehouse space. * Metal Centrum S.A.: A company specializing in the distribution of steel products for construction, industry, and agriculture in the North Zone of Buenos Aires. They offer a range of products and processing services. * Pradecon: An industrial and wholesale steel distributor focusing on the construction market. They have a large industrial plant and offer manufacturing and distribution services for steel profiles and sheets. * Ternium Argentina: Utilizes a wide network of independent distributors in addition to direct sales to large clients.

End Users and Applications

The final step where steel products are consumed by various industries. * Identification and description of segments: * Construction: Utilizes steel for structures, reinforcement (rebar), roofing, and other building components (residential, commercial, infrastructure). * Automotive: Uses steel for car bodies, chassis, engines, and other parts. * Metalworking and Machinery: Consumes steel for manufacturing various metal products, industrial machinery, and agricultural equipment. * Energy and Oil & Gas: Requires steel for pipelines (especially seamless tubes), storage tanks, and equipment in the energy sector, including Vaca Muerta. * Appliances (Linea Blanca): Uses steel in the manufacturing of household appliances. * Packaging (Envases): Utilizes thin steel sheets for cans and other containers. * List of types of players: Construction companies, automotive manufacturers, machinery manufacturers, energy companies, appliance manufacturers, packaging companies, various metal fabricators. * Detailed description of the main activities within each segment: * Construction: Steel framing, rebar placement, installation of steel components. * Automotive: Stamping, welding, assembly of steel parts into vehicles. * Metalworking and Machinery: Cutting, bending, welding, machining, and assembly of steel into finished products. * Energy and Oil & Gas: Pipeline construction, equipment fabrication and installation. * Appliances: Stamping, forming, and assembly of steel components into appliances. * Packaging: Cutting, forming, and sealing of steel sheets into containers. * List examples of key players with detailed profiles: Numerous companies operate in these sectors, consuming steel products. Key examples include major construction firms, automotive plants (e.g., those associated with ADEFA), agricultural machinery manufacturers, and energy companies involved in projects like Vaca Muerta. Specific examples of steel consumers beyond general categories were not extensively detailed in the provided search results.

Show estimates of volumes and sizes of each step in the value chain.

Estimates of volumes and sizes are primarily available at the production level (crude steel and laminates) and for overall market consumption and capacity. Breaking down specific volumes for each granular step (like ironmaking or individual rolling processes across all players) is not feasible with the provided data.

  • Overall Production (Crude Steel): Argentina's crude steel production has historically hovered around 5 million tons annually. However, recent years have seen significant fluctuations. In 2024, crude steel production fell by 26%. In February 2025, crude steel production was 316,400 tons, a 2.2% decrease year-on-year but a 5.6% increase compared to January 2025. January 2025 production was 299,700 tons, a 26.5% decrease compared to January 2024. June 2024 production was 274,800 tons, down 35% year-on-year. July 2024 saw a recovery to 313,900 tons, up 14.2% from June, but still down 9.2% year-on-year. November 2024 production was 338,500 tons, an 18.1% decrease year-on-year and a 5.9% decrease from October.
  • Overall Production (Laminates): Production of finished hot-rolled laminates was 332,100 tons in November 2024, down 27.7% year-on-year and 1.4% month-on-month. In February 2025, hot-rolled laminates production was 161,800 tons, a significant drop of 43.5% from January and 13.4% year-on-year. This decrease was attributed to extraordinary plant stoppages due to delayed recovery in demand. July 2024 laminate production was 293,200 tons, up 25.3% from June but down 15.2% year-on-year.
  • Primary Iron Production: Production of primary iron was 261,500 tons in February 2025, identical to February 2024 and up 18.4% from January 2025. January 2025 production was 220,900 tons, up 12.4% from December 2024 but down 22.5% from January 2024. June 2024 production was 231,900 tons, down 6.9% from May 2024 and 19.7% from June 2023. July 2024 production was 170,000 tons, down 26.7% from June and 12.9% year-on-year.
  • Installed Capacity: The installed capacity for crude steel in Argentina is around 7.5 million tons per year. Some sources mention a capacity of 7 million tons.
  • Capacity Utilization: The industry was operating at over 70% utilization of installed capacity for steelmaking, which was considered the highest level for the industry in general at one point, but recent data indicates lower utilization rates. In July 2023, the utilization of installed capacity in basic metal industries was 66.5%, down from 84.4% in July 2022 due to lower steel industry activity. In February 2025, the industry was only working at 40% capacity utilization.
  • Domestic Consumption (Apparent Consumption): Apparent steel consumption in Argentina was 4.987 million tons in 2023. Argentina's apparent steel consumption per capita is significantly lower than the world average (100 kg/inhabitant/year vs. 450 kg/inhabitant/year), indicating potential for growth.
  • Exports: Exports of steel products from Argentina exceed US$ 1,500 million annually (Chapters 72 and 73 NCM). Seamless tubes represent a significant portion of exports, accounting for 75% of the sector's total exports.
  • Market Concentration: The local production is highly concentrated across all stages (foundry, steelmaking, and rolling), with a few large companies dominating the market. Techint (through Siderar and Siderca) controls a large percentage of the national steel production, particularly in flat products and seamless tubes, while Acindar has a significant share in non-flat rolled products. Techint is reported to control over 60% of Argentine steel production through Ternium Siderar and Tenaris Siderca.

Value Chain Summary Table

Value Chain Step Main Activities Segments Types of Players Examples of Main Players Volumes/Sizes (Estimates)
Raw Materials Procurement and Preparation Sourcing (importation), collection, processing (sorting, shredding, baling). Iron Ore Sourcing, Coking Coal/Energy Sourcing, Scrap Metal Collection and Processing, Other Additives Sourcing. Mining companies, energy providers, scrap metal processors, trading companies. Modulax Siderurgia (green arrabio project). Reliance on imported iron ore. Scrap gap of ~720k tons projected by 2025.
Primary Production (Ironmaking & Steelmaking) Reduction of iron ore/DRI, melting scrap, refining, alloying, continuous casting. Ironmaking (Arrabio Production), Steelmaking (Crude Steel Production). Integrated mills, semi-integrated plants, specialized iron producers. Ternium Argentina, ArcelorMittal Acindar, Tenaris Siderca, Gerdau Argentina, Acerbrag S.A., Aceros Zapla S.A. Crude Steel Capacity: ~7-7.5 million tons/year. Crude Steel Production (2024): Fell 26%. Crude Steel Production (Feb 2025): 316.4k tons. Primary Iron Production (Feb 2025): 261.5k tons.
Secondary Processing (Laminación) Hot rolling, cold rolling, pickling, annealing, coating, cutting, tube making. Hot Rolling, Cold Rolling, Further Processing/Finishing. Integrated mills, dedicated rolling mills, service centers. Ternium Argentina, ArcelorMittal Acindar, Tenaris Siderca, Gerdau Argentina, Acerbrag S.A., Aceros Zapla S.A. Laminates Production (Nov 2024): 332.1k tons (hot rolled). Laminates Production (Feb 2025): 161.8k tons (hot rolled).
Distribution and Commercialization Warehousing, inventory, logistics, sales (wholesale, retail, direct, export), customer service. Wholesale Distribution, Retail Distribution, Direct Sales, Export. Steel producers, wholesale distributors, retail distributors, service centers, export companies. Acindar Red de Distribuidores, Siderco SA, Juan Navarro, Metal Centrum S.A., Pradecon, Ternium Argentina (network). Exports > US$ 1.5 billion/year. Seamless tubes are 75% of exports.
End Users and Applications Fabrication, construction, assembly, manufacturing using steel products. Construction, Automotive, Metalworking and Machinery, Energy and Oil & Gas, Appliances, Packaging, Other Manufacturing. Construction companies, automotive manufacturers, machinery manufacturers, energy companies, appliance manufacturers. Various companies across mentioned sectors. Apparent Consumption (2023): 4.987 million tons. Consumption per capita significantly below world average. Demand impacted by economic conditions.

Examples of Main Players

Ternium Argentina: Ternium Argentina, part of the multinational Techint Group, is the largest steel manufacturer in Argentina. The company is involved in the production of a wide range of high value-added steel products, including hot and cold rolled flat steels and long products. Their operations span primary production (steelmaking) and secondary processing (rolling and finishing). Ternium serves a diverse market, supplying steel for construction, automotive, home appliances, and machinery industries. They operate with a focus on industrial efficiency and technological advancement. Ternium utilizes a network of independent distributors to reach various customers across the country, in addition to direct sales to large clients. Martín Berardi is the Executive President of Ternium Argentina and also serves as the President of the Cámara Argentina del Acero.

ArcelorMittal Acindar: ArcelorMittal Acindar is a major steel producer in Argentina and part of the global ArcelorMittal group. The company is a key player in the long steel products segment, which includes items like bars, wire rod, and profiles used extensively in construction and manufacturing. Acindar has a significant presence in the market, particularly through its "Red Acindar" distribution network, which comprises over 50 points of sale across Argentina, catering significantly to the construction sector. Federico Amos is the Vice President 1º of the Cámara Argentina del Acero, representing ArcelorMittal Acindar.

Tenaris Siderca: Tenaris Siderca, another company belonging to the Techint Group, is a global leader in the production of seamless steel tubes and a crucial player in the Argentine steel industry. Their primary market is the energy sector, particularly the oil and gas industry, where seamless tubes are essential for drilling and transportation. Argentina is a significant producer of seamless tubes globally. Javier Martinez Alvarez and Alejandro Gentile from Tenaris Siderca hold positions in the Cámara Argentina del Acero.

Juan Navarro: Juan Navarro is highlighted as a leading Argentine company in the distribution of steel products with a long history dating back 70 years. They serve the Agro, Construction, and Industry sectors across the national market. The company boasts a considerable infrastructure, including over 35,000 square meters of warehouse space and 8 branches strategically located throughout Argentina. Beyond distribution, Juan Navarro also offers value-added services such as cutting, leveling, and slitting of steel sheets and profiling services.

Volumes and Sizes

The Argentine steel industry has an installed capacity for crude steel production estimated at around 7 to 7.5 million tons annually. However, actual production levels have been significantly lower in recent years, and capacity utilization has fluctuated.

In 2024, the industry experienced a notable downturn, with crude steel production falling by 26% compared to the previous year. This decline was attributed to factors such as scheduled maintenance stoppages, inventory adjustments, and weakened demand. The broader metalworking activity also saw a decrease of 12.1% in 2024.

Recent monthly data provides a more granular view: * Crude Steel Production: * February 2025: 316,400 tons (down 2.2% year-on-year, up 5.6% from Jan 2025). * January 2025: 299,700 tons (down 26.5% year-on-year). * December 2024: 256,300 tons (down 23.1% year-on-year, down 24.3% from Nov 2024). * November 2024: 338,500 tons (down 18.1% year-on-year, down 5.9% from Oct 2024). * July 2024: 313,900 tons (down 9.2% year-on-year, up 14.2% from June 2024). * June 2024: 274,800 tons (down 35% year-on-year). * Primary Iron Production: * February 2025: 261,500 tons (identical to Feb 2024, up 18.4% from Jan 2025). * January 2025: 220,900 tons (down 22.5% year-on-year, up 12.4% from Dec 2024). * July 2024: 170,000 tons (down 12.9% year-on-year, down 26.7% from June 2024). * June 2024: 231,900 tons (down 19.7% year-on-year). * Laminates Production (Hot Rolled): * February 2025: 161,800 tons (down 13.4% year-on-year, down 43.5% from Jan 2025). This significant monthly drop was due to extraordinary plant stoppages. * November 2024: 332,100 tons (down 27.7% year-on-year, down 1.4% from Oct 2024). * July 2024: 293,200 tons (down 15.2% year-on-year, up 25.3% from June 2024). * Capacity Utilization: * February 2025: 40% (for steelmaking). * July 2023: 66.5% for basic metal industries (down from 84.4% in July 2022). * Apparent Consumption: In 2023, apparent steel consumption was 4.987 million tons. Per capita consumption is significantly lower than the global average. * Market Share/Concentration: The market is highly concentrated. Techint, through Ternium Siderar (flat products) and Tenaris Siderca (seamless tubes), holds a dominant position, controlling a significant majority of national production (reported as over 60% by one source, and 100% of capacity in flats and seamless tubes by another). Acindar accounts for a large share (60%) of non-flat rolled products capacity.

Bottlenecks and Challenges: The Argentine steel industry faces several challenges. These include high local costs in dollars, distortive taxes such as Ingresos Brutos and municipal rates, and unfair competition from imported products, particularly from economies that do not operate under market conditions. These factors negatively impact the competitiveness and value addition within the steel-metalworking chain. A weak domestic demand has also been a significant challenge, leading to decreased production and plant stoppages in 2024. Despite projections for a recovery in 2025, particularly driven by the energy sector, levels are expected to remain below those of 2023.

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